READING LIST | Criticalcareecho

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Advanced Critical Care Echo

The following is a list of articles that was recommended to me for ACCE Certification. Many of the articles are from the standard reading list for the European Diploma of Echocardiography (EDEC) which is the European equivalent to the NBE ACCE Certification. The EDEC part of the list is published as a supplement to the international consensus statement on training standards for advanced critical care echocardiography. Expert Round Table on Echocardiography in ICU (Intensive Care Med. 2014;40:654-66). This Statement is well worth the read, as it is a definitive summary of ACCE. It serves as the basis for EDEC which I am told has a close relationship to the NBE ACCE Certification.

As the Statement was published in 2014, I have supplemented the EDEC reading list with some more recent articles. You will note that much of the literature on ACCE comes from French investigators who are responsible for the development of ACCE as a well defined sub-category of echocardiography.

This reference list is not exhaustive. It is representative of contemporary literature, guidelines, or review articles germane to the evolving field of ACCE. I welcome suggestions of additional articles that would be useful to the NBE ACCE Certification candidate

Heart-Lung Interactions

Vieillard-Baron A, Loubieres Y, Schmitt JM, et al. Cyclic changes in right ventricular output impedance during mechanical ventilation. J Appl Physiol 1999;87(5):1644-1650.

Vieillard-Baron A, Schmitt JM, Augarde R, et al. Acute cor pulmonale in acute respiratory distress syndrome submitted to protective ventilation: Incidence, clinical implications, and prognosis. Intensive Care Med 2001;29:1551– 1558.

Jardin F & Vieillard-Baron A. Right ventricular function and positive pressure ventilation in clinical practice: from hemodynamic subsets to respirator settings. Intensive Care Med 2003;29(9):1426-1434.

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Heart-Lung Interactions

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Estagnasié P, Djedaini K, Mier L, et al. Measurement of cardiac output by transesophageal echocardiography in mechanically ventilated patients. Comparison with thermodilution. Intensive Care Med 1997;23(7):753-759.

Vieillard-Baron A, Charron C, Chergui K, et al. Bedside echocardiographic evaluation of hemodynamics in sepsis: is a qualitative evaluation sufficient? Intensive Care Med 2006;32(10):1547-1552.

Jardin F, Vieillard-Baron A. Monitoring of right-sided heart function. Curr Opin Crit Care 2005;11(3):271–279.

Vieillard-Baron A, Prin S, Chergui K, et al. Hemodynamic instability in sepsis: bedside assessment by Doppler echocardiography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168(11):1270-1276.

Bouferrache K, Amiel JB, Chimot L, et al. Initial resuscitation guided by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommendations and early echocardiographic assessment of hemodynamics in intensive care unit septic patients: a pilot study. Crit Care Med 2012;40(10):2821-2827.

Vieillard-Baron A, Matthay M, Teboul JL, et al. Experts’ opinion on management of hemodynamics in ARDS patients: focus on the effects of mechanical ventilation. Intensive care medicine. Intensive Care Med 2016;42(5):739-749.

Mercado P, Maizel J, Beyls C, et al. Transthoracic echocardiography: an accurate and precise method for estimating cardiac output in the critically ill patient. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):136.

LV Diastolic Properties & Filling Pressures

Boussuges A, Blanc P, Molenat F, et al. Evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2002;30(2):362–367.

Vargas F, Gruson D, Valentino R, et al. Transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography of pulmonary venous flow to assess left ventricular filling pressure in ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Crit Care 2004;19(3):187–197.

Mahjoub Y, Benoit-Fallet H, Airapetian N, et al. Improvement of left ventricular relaxation as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging in fluid-responsive critically ill septic patients. Intensive Care Med 2012;38(9):1461-70.

Sanfilippo F, Corredor C, Fletcher, N, et al. Diastolic dysfunction and mortality in septic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 2015;41(6):1004–1013.

Landesberg G, Gilon D, Meroz Y, et al. Diastolic dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. European Heart Journal 2012;33(7):895–903.

Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Society of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17(12):1321-1360.

Greenstein Y, Mayo PH. Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by the intensivist. CHEST 2018;153(3):723-732.

LV Diastology

LV Systolic Function - General

Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16(3):233-270.

Benjamin E, Griffin K, Leibowitz AB, et al. Goal-directed transesophageal echocardiography performed by intensivists to assess left ventricular function: comparison with pulmonary artery catheterization. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1998;12(1):10-5.

LV Systolic Function - General

LV Systolic Function in Sepsis

LV Systolic Function in Sepsis

Vieillard-Baron A, Charron C, Chergui K, et al. Bedside echocardiographic evaluation of hemodynamics in sepsis: is a qualitative evaluation sufficient? Intensive Care Med 2006;32(10):1547–1552.

Vieillard-Baron A, Caille V, Charron C, et al. Actual incidence of global left ventricular hypokinesia in adult septic shock. Crit Care Med 2008;36(6):1701-1706.

Vieillard-Baron, A. Septic cardiomyopathy. Ann Intensive Care 2011;1(1):6.

Bergenzaun L, Öhlin H, Gudmonsson P, et al. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) in shock: a valuable echocardiographic parameter in intensive care patients. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2013;11(1):16.

Vignon P, Begot E, Mari A, et al. Hemodynamic assessment of patients with septic shock using transpulmonary thermodilution and critical care echocardiography: a comparative study. Chest 2018;153(1):55-64.

Pericardial Tamponade

Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion: respiratory variation in transvalvular flow velocities studied by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll of Cardiol 1988;11(5):1020-1030.

Armstrong WF, Schilt BF, Helper DJ, et al. Diastolic collapse of the right ventricle with cardiac tamponade: an echocardiographic study. Circulation 1982;65(7):1491-1496.

Singh S, Wann LS, Schuchard GH, et al. Right ventricular and right atrial collapse in patients with cardiac tamponade--a combined echocardiographic and hemodynamic study. Circulation 1984;70(6):966-971.

Pericardial Tamponade

Localized Pericardial Effusion/Hematoma

Grumann A, Baretto L, Dugard A, et al. Localized cardiac tamponade after open-heart surgery. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;18(6):524-529.

Weitzman,LB, Tinker WP, Kronzon I, et al. The incidence and natural history of pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery--an echocardiographic study. Circulation 1984;69(3):506-511.

Russo AM, O'Connor WH, Waxman HL. Atypical presentations and echocardiographic findings in patients with cardiac tamponade occurring early and late after cardiac surgery. Chest 1993;104(1):71-78.

Localized Pericardial Effusion

Valvular Assessment for Stenoses & Regurgitation

Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10(1): 1-25.

Zoghbi, WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16(7):777-802.

Valvular Assessment

RV Disease

RV Disease

Vieillard-Baron A, Prin S, Chergui K, et al. Echo-Doppler demonstration of acute cor pulmonale at the bedside in the medical intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166(10);1310 –1319.

Repessé X, Charron C, Vieillard-Baron A. Acute cor pulmonale in ARDS: rationale for protecting the right ventricle. Chest 2015;147(1):259-265.

Dessap AM, Boissier F, Charron C, et al. Acute cor pulmonale during protective ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: prevalence, predictors, and clinical impact. Intensive Care Med 2016;42(5):862-870.

Legras A, Caille A, Begot E, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-associated acute cor pulmonale and patent foramen ovale: a multicenter noninvasive hemodynamic study. Crit Care. 2015;19):174.

Volume Responsiveness

Feissel M, Michard F, Mangin I, et al. Respiratory changes in aortic blood velocity as an indicator of fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients with septic shock. Chest 2001;119(3):867–873.

Vieillard-Baron A, Chergui K, Rabiller A, et al. Superior vena caval collapsibility as a gauge of volume status in ventilated septic patients. Intensive Care Med 2004;30(9):1734–1739.

Barbiere C, Loubieres Y, Schmit C,, et al. Respiratory changes in inferior vena cava diameter are helpful in predicting fluid responsiveness in ventilated septic patients. Intensive Care Med 2004;30(9):1740–1746.

Brennan JM, Blair JE, Hampole C, et al. Radial artery pulse pressure variation correlates with brachial artery peak velocity variation in ventilated subjects when measured by internal medicine residents using hand-carried ultrasound devices. Chest 2007;131(5):1301-1307.

Mahjoub Y, Pila C, Friggeri A, et al. Assessing fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients: False-positive pulse pressure variation is detected by Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the right ventricle. Crit Care Med 2009;37(9):2570-2575.

Mahjoub Y, Lejeune V, Muller L, et al. Evaluation of pulse pressure variation validity criteria in critically ill patients: a prospective observational multicentre point-prevalence study. Br J Anaesth 2014;112(4):681-685.

Vignon P, Repessé X, Bégot E, et al. Comparison of echocardiographic indices used to predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;195(8):1022-1032.

Vieillard-Baron A, Evrard B, Repessé X, et al. Limited value of end-expiratory inferior vena cava diameter to predict fluid responsiveness impact of intra-abdominal pressure. Intensive Care Med 2018;44(2):197-203.

Volume Responsiveness

Infectious Endocarditis

Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med 1994;96(3):200-209.

Slama MA, Novara A, Van de Putte P, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of transesophageal echocardiography in medical ICU patients with unexplained shock, hypoxemia, or suspected endocarditis. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:916-922.

Lindner JR, Case RA, Dent JM, et al. Diagnostic Value of Echocardiography in Suspected Endocarditis An Evaluation Based on the Pretest Probability of Disease. Circulation 1996;93(4):730-736.

Infectious Endocarditis

Acute Aortic Dissection

Nienaber CA., Spielmann RP, Von Kodolitsch Y, et al. Diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection. Magnetic resonance imaging versus transesophageal echocardiography. Circulation 1992;85(2):434-447.

Sommer,T, Fehske W, Holzknecht N, et al. Aortic dissection: a comparative study of diagnosis with spiral CT, multiplanar transesophageal echocardiography, and MR imaging. Radiology 1996;199(2):347-352.

Vignon P, Spencer KT, Rambaud G, et al. Differential transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis between linear artifacts and intraluminal flap of aortic dissection or disruption. Chest. 2001;119(6):1778-1790.

Acute Aortic Dissectio

Blunt Cardiovascular Trauma

García-Fernández MA, López-Pérez JM, Pérez-Castellano N, et al. Role of transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of patients with blunt chest trauma: correlation of echocardiographic findings with the electrocardiogram and creatine kinase monoclonal antibody measurements. Am Heart J 1998;135(3):476-481.

Blunt Cardiovascular Trauma

Cardiovascular Source of Systemic Emboli

Pearson AC, Labovitz AJ, Tatineni S, et al. Superiority of transesophageal echocardiography in detecting cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral ischemia of uncertain etiology. J Am Coll of Cardiol 1991;17(1):66-72.

Pearson AC. Transthoracic echocardiography versus transesophageal echocardiography in detecting cardiac sources of embolism. Echocardiography 1993;10(4):397-403.

Cardiovascular Systemic Emboli

Right to Left Shunt

Langholz D, Louie EK, Konstadt SN, et al. Transesophageal echocardiographic demonstration of distinct mechanisms for right to left shunting across a patent foramen ovale in the absence of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18(4):1112-1117.

Schneider B, Zienkiewicz T, Jansen V, et al. Diagnosis of patent foramen ovale by transesophageal echocardiography and correlation with autopsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1996;77(14):1202-1209.

Right to Left Shunt

Pulmonary Embolism

Vieillard-Baron A, Page B, Augarde R, et al. Acute cor pulmonale in massive pulmonary embolism: incidence, echocardiographic pattern, clinical implications and recovery rate. Intensive Care Med 2001;27(9):1481-1486.

Mansencal N, Joseph T, Vieillard-Baron A, et al. Comparison of different echocardiographic indexes secondary to right ventricular obstruction in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(1):116-129.

Pulmonary Embolism

Complications of MI

Mintz, GS, Victor MF, Kotler MN, et al. wo-dimensional echocardiographic identification of surgically correctable complications of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1981;64(1):91-96.

Nishimura RA, Tajik AJ, Shub C, et al. Role of two-dimensional echocardiography in the prediction of in-hospital complications after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;4(6):1080-1087.

Complications of MI

Competency & Training

Quinones MA, Douglas PS, Foster E, et al. ACC/AHA clinical competence statement on echocardiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association/American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine Task Force on Clinical Competence. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41(4):687–708.

Charron C, Prat G, Caille V, et al. Validation of a skills assessment scoring system for transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring of hemodynamics. Intensive Care Med 2007;33(10):1712–1718.

Mayo PH, Beaulieu Y, Doelken, et al. American College of Chest Physicians/La Societe de Reanimation de Langue Francaise statement on competence in critical care ultrasonography. Chest 2009;135(4):1050–1060.

International expert statement on training standards for critical care ultrasonography. Expert Round Table on Ultrasound in ICU. Intensive Care Med 2011;37(7):1077-1083.

International consensus statement on training standards for advanced critical care echocardiography. Expert Round Table on Echocardiography in ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(5):654-666.

Charron C, Vignon P, Prat G, et al. Number of supervised studies required to reach competence in advanced critical care transesophageal echocardiography. Intensive Care Med 2013;39(6):1019–1024.

Competency & Training

Transesophageal Echocardiography

Daniel WG, Erbel R, Kasper W, et al. Safety of transesophageal echocardiography. A multicenter survey of 10,419 examinations. Circulation 1991;83(3):817-821.

Vignon P, Mentec H, Terré S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic impact of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. Chest 1994;106(6):1829-1834.

Mayo PH, Narasimhan M, Koenig S. Critical Care Transesophageal Echocardiography. Chest 2015;148(5):1323-1332.

Toronto General Hospital's Virtual Transesophageal Echocardiography website

-- Note: The module require Adobe Flash compatability. The creators are looking to convert over to HTML5 to make it widely available again.

Transesophageal Echocardiography

General Review

Hemodynamic Monitoring Using Echocardiography in the Critically Ill: Daniel Backer, Bernard P. Cholley, Michel Slama, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Philippe Vignon. Springer 2011 [Book].

Narasimhan M, Koenig SJ, Mayo PH. Advanced echocardiography for the critical care physician: part 1. Chest 2014;145(1):129-134.

Narasimhan M, J Koenig S, Mayo PH. Advanced echocardiography for the critical care physician: part 2. Chest. 2014;145(1):135-142.

Orde S, Slama M, Hilton A, et al. Pearls and pitfalls in comprehensive critical care echocardiography. Crit Care 2017;21(1):279.

General Review

General Critical Care Ultrasonography

Vignon P, Repessé X, Vieillard-Baron A, et al. Critical care ultrasonography in acute respiratory failure. Crit Care 2016;20(1):228.

Mayo P, Volpicelli G, Lerolle N, et al. Ultrasonography evaluation during the weaning process: the heart, the diaphragm, the pleura and the lung. Intensive Care Med 2016;42(7):1107-1117.

Narasimhan M, Koenig SJ, Mayo PH. A Whole-Body Approach to Point of Care Ultrasound. Chest 2016;150(4):772-776.

Vieillard-Baron A, Mayo P. Lung ultrasonography and echocardiography in the Intensive Care Unit: a combined and practical approach. Minerva Anestesiol 2018;84(3):398-408.

General Critical Care Ultrasongraphy

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